What are the minimum and maximum required coupler heights for empty cars?

The minimum and maximum required coupler heights for empty cars are indeed 32 1/2 inches to 34 1/2 inches. This range is critical for ensuring proper alignment during coupling and safe operation of freight cars within a train system. Adhering to these dimensions is essential to maintain the stability and integrity of train operations, as improper coupler height can lead to mechanical failures or derailments.

This specific range has been established based on industry standards and operational requirements, ensuring that empty cars can connect securely with other rolling stock, avoiding excessive strain that could result from misalignment. By following these specifications, rail companies can better manage their operations, ensuring efficiency and safety throughout their rail systems.