Which component of the rail system absorbs shock and reduces wear on the rails?

The component of the rail system that absorbs shock and reduces wear on the rails is rail springs. Rail springs are designed to provide flexibility and cushioning in the rail system. When a train runs over the tracks, it creates significant forces that can lead to wear and deformation of the rails over time. Rail springs help to mitigate these forces by absorbing impact, which not only protects the rails but also enhances the stability of the train as it moves.

This cushioning effect is crucial for maintaining safe and smooth operations, as it reduces vibrations that can lead to track deterioration and enhances the comfort of passengers. In addition, by lessening the impact on the rail ties and fasteners, rail springs contribute to the longevity of the entire rail infrastructure.