Why is proper lubrication critical for railway wheels?

Proper lubrication of railway wheels is crucial primarily because it reduces wear and enhances traction. When wheels are well-lubricated, friction between the wheel and rail is managed effectively, which helps to minimize wear on both the wheels and the track. This is essential for maintaining the integrity and longevity of railway components, as excessive wear can lead to increased maintenance costs and potentially hazardous situations if wheels or tracks become damaged.

Additionally, lubrication ensures that traction is optimized. Too much friction, without proper lubrication, can lead to wheel slip, especially under heavy loads or in adverse weather conditions. Lubrication helps maintain the right balance of friction, allowing for better grip on the rails while preventing excessive wear. This dual function supports the overall safety and efficiency of train operations.

While the other options mention important aspects like corrosion prevention, aesthetic improvement, and noise reduction, they are not the primary reasons for the critical nature of lubrication regarding wheel performance and longevity.